With the legalization of marijuana, there has been a notable surge in pet cannabis poisoning cases, as reported by the Pet Poison Helpline, indicating a 400% increase since 2016. Understanding how marijuana affects pets and what actions to take in such instances is crucial.

Understanding Cannabis Basics for Pet Owners:

Cannabis, with a history spanning over 5,000 years, contains numerous compounds, notably cannabinoids like THC and CBD. THC, responsible for the psychoactive effects, and CBD, non-intoxicating, are the most studied. Cannabinoids work by binding to endocannabinoid system receptors in the brain and spinal cord, which are important for regulating normal body functions such as hunger, temperature, and alertness. Today, most people use cannabis for medicinal or recreational purposes. Products can be smoked, inhaled using vaporizers, or ingested through food or drink.

A black dog with a white patch on its chest sits on the green grass, smiling broadly with eyes closed under clear skies, as if just returned from a happy visit to the vet.
A happy beagle sits on the grass, glancing up with its tongue out, just like it would at a visit to the vet.

Pet Exposure to Marijuana

Pets commonly ingest marijuana through ingestion of edibles or the plant material itself, including leaves, seeds, stems, and flowers. But effects can be seen if they inhale secondhand smoke or consume hashish oil. Due to the higher density of cannabinoid receptors in their brains compared to humans, pets are more susceptible to the effects of marijuana and may experience more severe reactions. Additionally, the ingestion of marijuana-infused edibles containing toxic ingredients such as chocolate or xylitol can exacerbate the toxicity risk for pets. Synthetic cannabinoids may be laced with other chemicals or drugs, and a pet’s serious toxicosis risk increases more with exposure to this substance form than to marijuana-derived THC products. Pets are

naturally curious, making proactive measures to reduce the risk of marijuana exposure for their pets crucial. We recommend securely storing medications and cannabis products, supervising pets around marijuana edibles, and keeping marijuana plants out of reach, especially for cats.

Identifying Marijuana Toxicity Signs in Pets

The effects of marijuana on pets can manifest in various ways. The severity of symptoms depends on factors such as the pet’s age, health status, and weight. While fatalities from marijuana poisoning are rare, the ingestion of other toxic substances alongside marijuana can complicate the situation.
Here are some common signs of marijuana toxicity:

  • Incoordination
  • Lethargy
  • Hyperreactivity
  • Dilated pupils
  • Excessive vocalization
  • Excessive drooling
  • Vomiting
  • Urinary incontinence

A happy golden retriever, fresh from a vet check-up, sits on green grass with its mouth open and tongue out, enjoying the sunny day.
A Jack Russell Terrier, lively and full of energy, plays on a grassy field, holding an orange and blue ball in its mouth. With its black collar snugly in place and ears perked up with excitement, this little athlete might make even a vet smile at such boundless joy.

Diagnosis and Treatment of Marijuana Toxicity

Diagnosing marijuana toxicity in pets typically involves evaluating the pet’s exposure history and clinical symptoms. Treatment approaches may include inducing vomiting (if ingestion was very recent), administering activated charcoal to bind toxins in the gastrointestinal tract, providing intravenous fluids to support hydration and organ function, and, in severe cases, utilizing intralipid therapy to expedite toxin elimination. It’s crucial you are honest and transparent about how your pet ingested marijuana, as it may affect treatments needed.

Considerations Regarding Medical Cannabis Use for Pets

While there is growing interest and encouraging results seen in the potential therapeutic benefits of medical marijuana for pets, caution is warranted. Many products marketed for pets lack FDA approval, cannot be legally prescribed by veterinarians, and may lack sufficient scientific evidence to support their efficacy and safety. Consultation with a veterinarian is crucial to assess potential interactions and ensure safety. In conclusion, the legalization of marijuana has brought about an increase in pet cannabis poisoning cases, highlighting the need for pet owners to be vigilant and informed.

A playful dog with a mix of white, black, and brown fur bows on a patch of grass as sunlight filters through the trees. The warm ambiance reveals an alert and happy pup that's clearly receiving top care—perhaps from a loving vet who ensures its well-being.

If a pet exhibits signs of marijuana ingestion or has known exposure, prompt veterinary attention is crucial to ensure appropriate diagnosis and treatment. All Cara Veterinary locations reserve space for same day appointments for emergencies like this. Please give one of our clinics a call if this occurs with your pet.